HCP= Health Care Professionals
Instrument name and abbreviation | Author | Year | Target area | Target group | Approach | Origin and Implementation | Comment |
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
2 Question Spiritual Holistic Assessment Model, 2Q-Sam | Ross & McSherry | 2018 | General Health | Nurse | Dialogue | UK | Continuous spiritual assessment embedded and integrated in daily care. Focused on the communicative aspect of the nurse-patient encounter. |
7 by 7 Model for Spiritual Assessment; 7 by 7 | Farran et al. | 1989 | Pastoral care | Chaplain | Dialogue | USA | Holistic and continuous spiritual assessment based on 7 dimensions, including spiritual. |
Advanced Cancer Patients Distress Scale; ACPDS | Fishbeck et al. | 2012 | Palliative Care | Patient | Questionnaire | GER | 37-item, 5-point Likert scale. A screening evaluation tool assessing somatic, psychosocial, existential, and spiritual distress. |
Arabic Religiosity Scale; ARS | Khalaf et al. | 2014 | Psychiatry | Patient | Questionnaire | LEB | 10-item, 4-point Likert scale. Valid general measure of religious belief, practice, and importance in the daily life of adult psychiatric patients. |
Ars Moriendi Model for Spiritual Assessment; AMM | Leget | 2007 | Palliative Care | Patient | Interview | NED | Open structured diamond shaped model for spiritual assessment at the end of life. Providing flexibility and spontaneity in the communication about spirituality. |
Assessment of Spirituality and Religiosity in Schizophrenia - ASRS | Mohr et al. | 2011 | Psychiatry | Patient | Interview | SUI | Semi-Structured clinical interview for the assessment of spiritual and religious coping of various religious and spiritual affiliation, to locate if spiritual interventions are needed. |
Beliefs and Values Scale; BVS | King et al. | 2006 | Psychology | HCP | Questionnaire | UK | 20-item. Assess strength of spiritual beliefs based on the narratives and responses of a range of people, among other patients facing a shortened life expectancy. |
BENEFIT Scale | Büssing & Koenig | 2009 | Chronic illness, Research | Patient, HCP | Questionnaire | GER, USA | 6-item, 5-point Likert scale. Captures a unique aspect of spirituality/religiosity that can be used in epidemiological studies and clinical trials to assess both the external and internal dimensions of spirituality/religiosity. Can be incorporated into studies of mental health, physical health, or quality of life. Useful in studies of patients with chronic illness. |
Bio-Psycho Social-Spiritual Model; BPSSM | University of Nevada | 2000 | Psychiatry,R | HCP | Framework | USA | Educational approach teaching how to assess spiritual needs and how to incorporate spiritual considerations and needs of patients into the formulation of treatment plans. |
Body-Mind-Spirit Well-Being Inventory; BMSWBI | Ng et al. | 2005 | General health, Research | HCP | Questionnaire | HKG | 56-item, 10-point Likert scale. 4 scales with one assessing spiritual health, well-being, or distress. |
Brief Measure of Core Religious Beliefs; BMCRB | Rosmarin et al. | 2011 | Psychiatry | Patient | Questionnaire | USA | 6-item, 5-point Likert scale. Self-report measure of positive and negative core beliefs about God. Suited for use with a broad range of religious patients. |
Brief Pictorial Instruments for Assessing Spirituality; BPIAS | McBride et al. | 1998 | General health | Patient | Questionnaire | USA | 3-item, 5-point Likert scale. The pictorial instruments provides a quick assessment of intrinsic spirituality. |
Brief Religious Coping; Brief RCOPE | Pargament et al. | 2011 | Psychology, Research | HCP | Questionnaire | USA, BRA, CZE, DEN, FRA, GRE, IRN, MEX, NED, PKS, POL, SWE | 14-item measure of religious coping based on positive and negative coping subscales. Assesses religious methods of coping. Short version of RCOPE. |
Brief Serenity Scale; BSS | Kreitzer et al. | 2009 | Nursing | Patient, Nurse | Questionnaire | USA | 22-item, 5-point Likert scale. Measuring spiritual well-being. Serenity seen as a secular aspect of spirituality. |
Cancer and Deity Questionnaire; CDQ | Bowman et al. | 2009 | Oncology | HCP, Chaplain | Questionnaire | USA | 12-item, 4-point Likert scale. Self-report instrument. Assesses individual perceived relations with God and God-oriented coping after a cancer diagnosis. May serve as a brief screening tool for (mental) health professionals and chaplains. May assist in giving guidance to providing spiritual or religious counsel to cancer patients. |
Cancer Behavior Inventory; CBI-V3.0 | Merluzzi et al. | 2018 | Oncology, Research | Patient | Questionnaire | USA | 27-item, 7-point Likert scale. A spiritual subscale was added to the original CBI. 4 questions on religion/spirituality. |
Cancer Perceived Agents of Social Support Questionnaire; CPASS | Goldzweig et al. | 2009 | Oncology | Patient | Questionnaire | ISR | 12-item, 5-point Likert scale. A self-rating instrument devised to enable cancer patients and their spouses to report on the level of perceived social support. Evaluates the support given by different agents of support: Spouse, Family; Friends; Spiritual or religious beliefs. |
Cancer Worries Inventory; CWI | D’Errico et al. | 2000 | Oncology | Patient | Questionnaire | USA | 24-item, 5-point Likert scale. Self-report instrument with 3 questions on religion/spirituality. |
CASH Assessment Tool; CASH | Alesi et al. | 2015 | Palliative care | Patient | Dialogue | USA | CASH C (care) A (assistance) S (Stress) H (hopes/fears). 4 question dialogue-oriented existential assessment tool to identify sources of existential distress. |
City of Hope Quality of Life Patient Questionnaire (Modified); COH-QOL | City of Hope | 2001 | Oncology | Patient | Questionnaire | USA | 44-item, 11-point Likert scale. Self-report. Comprehensive, multidimensional measuring quality of life in patients (intestinal ostomies). Subcategory: Spiritual area 7 questions. |
Client Spiritual Assessment Tool; CSAT | Hoffert et al. | 2007 | General health, Nursing | Nurse | Framework | USA | 8 questions related to relationship with a higher power, religious support, and prayer. A valuable instrument for nurses to address spirituality in clinical settings. |
Cognitive–existential intervention to improve existential quality of life in cancer patients | Gagnon et al. | 2015 | Oncology | Patient | Framework | CAN | 12 weekly sessions, 12 modules, individual and group. The existential seen as an integral part of human experience, includes religious and spiritual aspects. |
Conecto | Fletcher | 2016 | Palliative care | HCP | Framework | AUS | Spiritual screening in community-based palliative care by the multidisciplinary team. Provides a lexicon of spirituality assisting identification of spiritual strengths and vulnerabilities, and places where referral to specialized spiritual support would be beneficial. |
CSI-MEMO Spiritual History; CSI-MEMO | Koenig | 2002 | General Health, Research | Patient | Interview | USA | 4-item focused on asking patients whether religious and spiritual beliefs provide comfort or stress; if spiritual beliefs might influence medical decisions; are members of, supported by a religious or spiritual community; have other spiritual needs they would like someone to address. |
Cultural Formulation Interview; CFI | Aggarwal et al. | 2013 | Psychiatry | Patient | Interview | USA, CAN, DEN, IND, KEN, NED, NOR, PER, SWE | 16-item, 4 areas. Cross-cultural communication includes focus on religion/spirituality. |
Daily Spiritual Experience Scale; DSES | Underwood & Teresi | 2002 | General health | HCP | Questionnaire | USA, BRA, DEN, POR | 16-item, 6 and 4-point Likert scale. Addresses reported ordinary experiences of spirituality. Attempting to measure experiences rather than particular beliefs or behaviors; therefore, they are intended to transcend the boundaries of any particular religion. |
Denver Spirited heart; DSH | Hooker et al. | 2017 | Heart failure | Patient | Framework | USA | A 12-week, mail-based, patient-centered, and self-guided psychospiritual intervention to improve QOL. Created to be low-cost and to require minimal staff time and feasible for broader dissemination. Spiritually based intervention. |
Duke University Religion Index; DUREL | Koenig & Büssing | 2010 | General health | HCP | Questionnaire | USA, BRA, GER, CHN, DEN, ESP, IRN, JPN, KOR, NED, NOR, POR, ROU, SAU, THA | 5-item, varied Likert scale. Measure of religious involvement developed for use in large cross-sectional and longitudinal observational studies. |
Elder Spiritual Health Scale; ESHS | Ajamzibad et al. | 2018 | Geriatric | Patient | Questionnaire | IRN | 38-item. User-friendly valid instrument used to assess the spiritual health of older adults. |
End of Life Spiritual Comfort Questionnaire; EOLSCQ | Pinto et al. | 2016 | Palliative care, Research | Patient | Questionnaire | POR | 28-item, 6-point Likert scale. Measuring overall sense of wellbeing and meaning in life, spiritual comfort. Reliable, valid, and sensitive to spiritual comfort in the final stages of life. |
End Stage Renal Disease Spiritual Beliefs Scale; ESRD Spiritual Beliefs Scale | Robert Wood Johnson Foundation | 2003 | End stage renal disease | Patient | Questionnaire | USA, CAN | 9-item, 10-point Likert scale. Measures the perceived role of spirituality for ESRD patients and the extent of their support network. |
EORTC; QLQ-SWB-32 | Vivat et al. | 2017 | Oncology | Patient | Questionnaire | EU, BRA, CHN, CRO, ESP, NED, ENG, FRE, GER, GRE, ICE, ITL, JAP, MEX, NOR, PER, POR, RUS | 32-item, 4-point Likert scale. A valid cross-cultural stand-alone measure of spiritual wellbeing for palliative care patients. Vers. 6.3. |
ETHNICS Mnemonic | Kobylarz et al. | 2002 | Geriatric | Patient | Questionnaire | USA | 7-item. Framework for culturally appropriate care, questions for opening a dialogue. 1-item on spirituality. |
Existential communication in general practice; EMAP Tool | Assing Hvidt et al. | 2017 | General practice | HCP, Relatives | Interview | DEN | Semi-structured. Support GPs communicating with cancer patients about existential or spiritual problems and resources. 7 of 20 items on spirituality. |
Existential Distress Scale; EDS | Lo et al. | 2017 | Oncology | Patient | Questionnaire | CAN | 10-item, 4-point Likert scale. Measures existential distress in patients with advanced cancer. Useful for HCP to initiate a structured discussion about this symptom. |
FACT - Taking Spiritual History | LaRocca-Pitts | 2012 | General health | Chaplain | Dialogue | USA | Spiritual assessment tool designed for chaplaincy use in acute care settings. 3 parts spiritual history and one-part spiritual assessment. Dialogue based; brief initial instrument interlinked with treatment plan. |
FAITH | King | 2002 | General health | Chaplain, Patient | Dialogue | USA | 5 question opening for dialogue about religious beliefs and spiritual concerns and their connections to health and treatment. |
Faith, Importance, Community, Address in care; FICA Spiritual History Tool | Puchalski & Romer | 1996 | General health | Patient | Interview | USA, CAN | 4 domains for clinical assessment of religion, spirituality. Guiding conversation in the clinical setting about religion/spirituality and connection to health and illness. |
Five Instruments to measure religious coping and the cancer experience | Holt et al. | 2009 | Oncology, Research | HCP | Questionnaire | USA | 4 domains for clinical assessment of religion, spirituality. Guiding conversation in the clinical setting about religion/spirituality and connection to health and illness. |
Framework for Assessing Spirituality | Hodge | 2001 | General health | HCP, Patient | Questionnaire | USA | 4 domains for clinical assessment of religion, spirituality. Guiding conversation in the clinical setting about religion/spirituality and connection to health and illness. |
Functional Assessment of Chronic Illness Therapy-Spiritual Well-Being; FACIT-Sp-12 | Peterman et al. | 2002 | Chronic illness | HCP, Patient | Questionnaire | USA, AUS, BRA, CAN, IND, JOR, KOR, POR | 12-item, 5-point Likert scale. Brief measure of spiritual well-being not limited to any one religious or spiritual tradition. Also, FACIT-Sp-Ex. 23-item. Subscale of FACIT. |
Geriatric Hopelessness Scale; GHS | Fry | 1984 | Geriatric , Research | Patient | Questionnaire | USA | 30-item true/false. 5 questions in relation to religiosity. |
Geriatric Spiritual Well-Being Scale; GSWS | Dunn | 2008 | Geriatric | Patient , Nurse | Questionnaire | USA | 16-item, 6-point Likert scale. 4 subscales. Age-specific assessment to address a population’s cultural diversity. Includes subscale: Religious GSWB: Faith ways subscale. |
God Locus of Health Control Scale; GLHC | Wallston et al. | 1999 | Chronic illness | Patient , HCP | Questionnaire | USA | 6-item. Designed to assess the extent of the belief that God exerts control over the current state of one's disease. A subscale to MHLC form C. |
Good Death Inventory; GDI | Miyashita et al. | 2008 | Palliative care, Research | Bereaved | Questionnaire | JPN | 10-domain, 10-point Likert scale, 8 optional domains. A measure for evaluating end of life care from the bereaved family member’s perspective. Religious optional domain. |
Grupo de Espiritualidad de la SECPAL; GES Questionnaire | Benito et al. | 2014 | Palliative care | Patient | Questionnaire | ESP | 6 open questions followed by 8-item, 5-point Likert scale, assessing spirituality as a general factor and 3 spiritual dimensions. |
Guidelines for Spiritual Assessment; GSA | Stoll | 1979 | Nursing | Nurse | Interview | USA | 4 areas of concern: Concept of God or deity; Sources of hope and strength; Religious practices; Relation between spiritual beliefs and state of health. The areas can be incorporated into general nursing history. Spiritual history guide. |
Guidelines for Spiritual Care in Palliative Care | Groves et al. | 2014 | Palliative care | HCP | Framework | UK | Listing general principles for spiritual care and provides guidelines for the assessment and performance of spiritual care. Includes religious/spiritual aspects without defining either. |
Guidelines for the Assessment of Spiritual Needs; GASN | Govier | 2000 | General health | Nurse | Framework | UK | Part of a systematic approach to nursing care. 4 areas of reflection in assessing, planning, providing, and evaluating spiritual care. |
Health of Body, Mind, and Spirit Scale; HBMSS | Sun et al. | 2017 | Drug abuse | Patient, HCP | Questionnaire | TWN | 15-item, 5-point Likert scale. 3 subscales: Body; Mind; Spirit. Evaluates the health condition of individuals with a drug abuse history. 4 questions in the spiritual subscale. |
Herth Hope Scale/Index; HHI | Herth | 1988 | General health | Patient | Questionnaire | USA, ITL, NOR | 12-item, 4-point Likert scale. Primarily existential questions, 1 question on faith. |
Higher Power Relationship Scale; HPRS | Rowan et al. | 2006 | Drug abuse | Patient | Questionnaire | USA | 17-item, 5-point Likert scale. Measures the degree or magnitude of the relationships that individuals have with their higher power. |
Holistic Health Status Questionnaire; HHSQ | Chan et al. | 2016 | Chronic illness | Patient | Questionnaire | HKG | 45-item, 4-point Likert scale. 8 factor holistic health status measurement. 6 questions on religion/spirituality. |
HOPE Questions; HOPE | Anandarajah & Hight | 2001 | General health | HCP | Interview | USA | A formal tool assisting in incorporating a spiritual assessment into the medical interview. An open-ended exploration of general spiritual resources and concerns. |
Hope Scale for Korean Cancer Patients; HS_KCP | Tae et al. | 2017 | Oncology | Patient | Questionnaire | KOR | 18-item, 5-point Likert scale. 5 factors: Inner sense of control; Trust and expectation for recovery; Interconnection; Spirituality; Emotional despair. Spirituality placed and assessed as 1 of 5 factors. |
Impact of Illness upon Faith; II-Faith | Salsman et al. | 2012 | Oncology | Patient | Questionnaire | USA | 10-item, 5-point Likert scale. Brief self-report measure of the impact of illness on issues of faith in terms of positive and negative illness impact. 1 of 4 domains on religion/spirituality. |
Implicit spiritual assessment; ISA | Hodge | 2013 | General health | HCP | Dialogue | USA | Questions headlined under past, present, and future spirituality. Attentive to secular meaning, purpose, and identity constructed outside the confines of traditional spiritual and religious settings. A key component in ISA is listening for language that hints at the presence of the spiritual. |
Index of Core Spiritual Experience; INSPIRIT | Kass & Kass | 1989 | General health | Patient | Questionnaire | USA, BRA, POR | 7-item, 4-point Likert scale. Self-report instrument. Item 7 consist of 13 sub-questions. Both spiritual and Christian in the approach. |
Individual meaning centered psychotherapy; IMCP | Breitbart et al. | 2018 | Oncology | Patient | Questionnaire | USA | A treatment for psychological and existential/spiritual distress with focus on identifying sources of meaning. Intervention improving quality of life and spiritual well-being. |
Integrated Narrative Nursing; INN | Artioli et al. | 2017 | General health, Nursing | Nurse | Interview | ITL | Combined approach of questionnaire, interview and narrative self-report to assess patient’s needs including spiritual needs and distress. |
Intensivist in a spiritual care training program adapted for clinicians | Todres et al. | 2005 | Critical illness | HCP | Framework | USA | A training program in clinical pastoral education adapted for clinicians, providing the HCP with knowledge, language, and understanding to explore and support religious/spiritual issues with critically ill patients and their families. Based in Christian pastoral care. |
Interdisciplinary Spiritual Care Implementation A Collaborative Model | Puchalski et al. | 2006 | General health | HCP, Nurse, Chaplain | Dialogue, Questionnaire | USA | Relational and interdisciplinary model. Physician, nurse, chaplain. Communicative screening for spiritual distress. |
Intrinsic Religiousness Inventory; IRI | Taunay et al. | 2011 | Mental health, Research | Patient | Questionnaire | BRA | 10-item, 5-point Likert scale. A valid self-report instrument that may contribute to study intrinsic religiosity in Brazilian samples. Primary Christian. |
Intrinsic Spirituality Scale; ISS | Hodge | 2003 | Clinical practice | Patient, HCP | Questionnaire | USA | 6-item, 10-point Likert scale. Valid general measure of spirituality in clinical settings. Screening to identify patients likely to benefit from spiritually accommodative treatments. May provide an efficient screening tool to identify Muslims that are particularly likely to benefit from spiritually accommodative treatments. |
Inventory of complicated spiritual grief; ICSG | Burke et al. | 2013 | End-of-life, Research | Bereaved | Questionnaire | USA | 18-item, 4-point Likert scale. Self-report. 2-factor model measuring ‘Insecurity with God’ and assessing ‘Disruption in Religious Practice’. Christian. |
Ironson-Woods Spirituality/ Religiousness Index; IWSRI | Ironson et al. | 2002 | HIV | Patient | Questionnaire | USA | 22-item, 5-point Likert scale measure of religious/spirituality. Short form of the original 89-item scale. |
Islamic Spiritual Health Scale; ISHS | Khorashadizadeh et al. | 2017 | General health, Research | Patient, Nurse | Questionnaire | IRN | 32-item, 5-point Likert scale. Developed to psychometrically assess spiritual health scale in Iran. Measuring spiritual well-being for Muslim patients. |
James Supportive Care Screening; (James) SCS | Gregorio et al. | 2013 | Oncology, Research | Patient | Questionnaire | USA | 6 factors, 45-item, (yes/no). Factor 4: Spiritual concerns, 3 questions. |
JAREL Spiritual Well-Being Scale; JAREL SWBS | Hungelman et al. | 1996 | Geriatric, Nursing | Nurse | Questionnaire | USA, TUR | 21-item, 6-point Likert scale. Assessment instrument for nursing diagnosis of spirituality in relation to enhanced spiritual well-being or spiritual distress. Mixing religious (Christian) and spiritual questions. |
JCAHO Spiritual Assessment Requirements | JCAHO 2001 | 2001 | General health | HCP | Questionnaire | USA | 15-item list of open questions to help operationalize the spiritual assessment. |
Jewish Religious Coping Scale; JCOPE | Rosmarin et al. | 2009 | Mental health | HCP | Questionnaire | USA | 16-item, 12-item positive scale and 4-item negative scale. Based on RCOPE. |
Lothian Chaplaincy Patient Reported Outcome Measure; LCPROM | NHS Lothian | 2012 | Pastoral care | Patient | Questionnaire | SCO | 21-item, 5-point Likert scale. PROM Patient evaluation of received spiritual care. |
Mature Religiosity Scale; MRS | De Vries-Schot et al. | 2011 | Mental health, Pastoral care | Chaplain | Questionnaire | NED | 16-item. Developed in Christian setting. Can be used for the assessment of the non-pathological DSM-IV category ‘religious or spiritual problem’ in Christian patients. In pastoral care, it can be used for identifying strengths and problems in a person’s religiosity and for evaluating religious growth making it possible to give more attention to the spiritual dimension of the biopsychosociospiritual model. |
Meaning in Life Scale; MILS | Jim et al. | 2006 | Oncology | Patient | Questionnaire | USA | 21-item, 6-point Likert scale, self-report. Measure of meaning in life including spiritual concerns and resources. |
Mental, Physical, and Spiritual Well-Being Scale; MPS | Vella-Brodrick & Allen | 1995 | General health, Research | HCP | Questionnaire | AUS | 30-item in 3 10-item subscales. Holistic health instrument measuring mental, physical, and spiritual components of health. Spirituality subscale 10-item. |
Milford Palliative Care Assessment Tool; MPCAT | O’Reilly et al. | 2016 | Palliative care | HCP | Framework | IRE | Includes a number of evidence-based tools and measures for spiritual distress through FICA. |
Moral Authority, Vocational, Aesthetic, Social, and Transcendent Model; Mor-VAST | Skalla & McCoy | 2006 | Oncology, Research | Nurse | Dialogue | USA | Theoretical model for the assessment of spiritual care. Prepares and assists clinicians in talking about spirituality with their patients. |
Multicultural Quality of Life Index; MQLI | Mezzich et al. | 2011 | General health, Research | HCP | Questionnaire | USA, CHN, ESP, KOR | 10-item/domain, 10-point Likert scale. 1 on spiritual. A brief and culturally informed self-report instrument. Easy to complete, reliable, internally consistent and valid. |
Multidimensional Hope Scale; MHS | Raleigh & Boehm | 1994 | Chronic illness | Patient | Questionnaire | USA | Identifies 6 factors: Resource to Others, Civic Interest, Spirituality, Health, Social Support, and Self-Actualization. Measuring hopefulness in chronic patients. |
Multidimensional Inventory of Religious/Spiritual Well-Being; MI-RSWB | Unterrainer et al. | 2010 | Mental health, Research | HCP | Questionnaire | AUT, GER, UK | 48-item, 6-point Likert scale. 6 subscales in MI-RSWB-E (English version). |
Multidimensional Measure of Religiousness/ Spirituality | Fetzer Institute | 1999 | General health | Patient, HCP | Questionnaire | USA, ETH, ITL, POR, IND | 38/29-item, varied Likert scale, measuring 12 domains. A valid self-report of emotional connectedness with and social support among different spiritual and religious variables. |
Multidimensional Rumination in Illness Scale; MRIS | Soo et al. | 2014 | General health | Patient | Questionnaire | USA | 32-item, 5-point Likert scale. 4-factor: Intrusion; Brooding; Instrumental; Preventability. Utility as a clinical instrument providing a comprehensive assessment of the cognitive style of rumination in the context of physical illness. |
Multifaith Spiritually Based Intervention; SBI | Koszycki et al. | 2010 | Psychiatry | HCP | Interview | CAN | A spiritually based intervention for generalized anxiety disorder. 12 - 50 minutes individual sessions administered by a spiritual care counsellor. |
Muslim Daily Religiosity Assessment Scale; MUDRAS | Olufadi | 2016 | Psychology, Research | HCP | Questionnaire | NIG | 22-item, 5-point Likert scale. Instrument for self-assessment of Muslim daily religiosity, through which counselors, psychologists and clinical trained clergyman may identify and understand the religious problems of their clients and relationship to any psychological, wellbeing, or clinical outcome of interest. |
Muslim Religiosity Scale; MRS | Koenig et al. | 2014 | General health, Oncology | Patient | Questionnaire | USA, IRN | 13-item, 5-point Likert scale. A reliable and valid measure for assessing religiosity in Iranian Muslims with cancer. Assessing two dimensions of religiosity with two subscales: religious practices (10 items) and intrinsic religious beliefs (3 items). |
My Life: My Voice | Gordon et al. | 2013 | Mental health, Research | Patient | Questionnaire | NZL | 65-item, 5-point Likert scale. Self-assessed consumer recovery outcome measure. 11 distinct factors. 1 factor on spirituality. |
Needs at the End of Life Screening Tool; NEST | Emanuel et al. | 2001 | Palliative care | Patient | Questionnaire | USA | 13-item, 10-point Likert scale. The questions opens up for a fuller assessment and evaluation of the patients’ needs herein spiritual, religious, and existential. |
NIA/Fetzer Short Form for the Measurement of Religiousness and Spirituality | Idler et al. | 2001 | Geriatric, Research | HCP | Questionnaire | USA | Multidimensional and brief, to be included in clinical or epidemiological survey interviews, inclusive of both traditional religiousness and non-institutionally based spirituality, appropriate for diverse Judeo-Christian populations, and potentially useful in many types of health research. |
Nowotny Hope Scale; NHS | Nowotny | 1989 | Oncology | Patient | Questionnaire | USA, NOR | 29-item, 4-point Likert scale. Measures hope after a stressful event such as cancer. 6 subscales. 1 on spiritual beliefs. 3 questions on religion. |
Open Invite Model of Exploring Spiritual Needs; Open Invite | Saguil and Phelps | 2012 | General health | Patient, HCP | Dialogue | USA | Focused on encouraging a spiritual dialogue on religion/spirituality, to invite the patient to talk about their spiritual needs in general and in relation to their illness. |
Palliative Care Coherence Spiritual Assessment; PCCSA | Galchutt | 2013 | Palliative care | HCP, Chaplain | Dialogue | USA | Interdisciplinary approach for spiritual assessment in palliative care. |
Palliative Care Needs Assessment Tool; PC-NAT | Waller et al. | 2008 | Palliative care | HCP | Framework | AUS | Includes 5 sections, one of which includes spiritual, existential, cultural aspects. Can be used to identify individuals’ needs, thereby enabling early intervention. |
Palliative Care Outcome Scale; PCOS | Hearn & Higginson | 1999 | Palliative care, Research | Patient | Interview | UK, ARG, AUS, BWA, GER, KEN, MWI, RSA, TZA, ZMB, ZWE | POS measures are a family of instruments to measure patients symptoms including spiritual needs and concerns. |
Palliative Care Problem Severity Score; PCPSS | Smith & Firns 1994 (in Masso et al. 2016) | 1994 | Palliative care | Patient, HCP | Questionnaire | AUS | 4 domains each rated on a 4-point categorical scale. 4 domains. Psychological/spiritual. Initial screening and ongoing coordination of specialist palliative care. |
Paranormal Health Belief Scale; PHBS | Petrillo & Donizzetti | 2012 | General health | HCP | Questionnaire | ITL | 31-item, 5-point Likert scale. Focus on understanding and measuring illusory beliefs about health in the diagnostic and therapeutic process, and the eventual impact on the outcome. |
Patient Dignity Inventory; PDI | Chochinov | 2008 | Oncology | Patient | Questionnaire | CAN | 25-item, 5-point Likert scale, self-report measure. Existentially oriented, 1 question on spirituality. |
Patients Need in Palliative Care; PNAP | Buzgova et al. | 2015 | Palliative care | Patient | Questionnaire | CZE | 40-item, 5-point Likert scale, 7-domain. Religious needs 10-item. Satisfactory validity and reliability and can be employed to assess the needs of palliative care patients in Central European countries. |
Patients Spiritual Needs Assessment Scale; PSNAS | Galek et al. | 2005 | General health, Research | HCP, Patient | Questionnaire | USA, TUR | 29-item yes/no, modified versions, 28-item, 24-item, 4-point Likert scale. Multidimensional instrument designed to assess a patient’s spiritual needs, and to be inclusive of traditional religion, as well as non-institutional based. |
Perceived Support from God Scale; PSGS | Hamilton et al. | 2010 | Oncology | Patient | Questionnaire | USA | 15-item, 5-point Likert scale, 2 subscales: Self-report support from God and God’s Purpose for Me. Developed to capture spirituality among Christian African Americans. |
Positive Mental Health Instrument; PMH | Vaingankar et al. | 2011 | Mental health, Research | HCP | Questionnaire | SPG | 47-item, 6-point Likert scale. A self-administered measure that covers all key and culturally appropriate domains of mental health, which can be applied to compare levels of mental health across different age, gender and ethnic groups. Spirituality one of six subscales with 7 questions. |
Post Truamatic Growth Inventory; PTGI | Tedeschi & Calhoun | 1996 | Psychology | Patient | Questionnaire | USA, CHN | 21-item scale with 5 factors defining major domains of posttraumatic growth including existential and spiritual aspects. Spiritual development. Also, PTGI-Short form, 10-item. |
Preferences for Care near the End of Life; PCEOL | Gauthier & Froman | 2001 | End-of-life, Research | Patient | Questionnaire | USA | 19-item, 5-point Likert scale, 5 domains including spirituality in subdomain 4, questions on spirituality. |
Principle Components Model; PCM | McSherry | 2006 | Research, Nursing | HCP, Nurse | Framework | USA | A model for advancing spiritual care in nursing and health care practice. Aims to generate a deeper understanding of factors that may inhibit or advance spiritual care within both nursing and health care and assist HCP to engage with and overcome some of the structural, organizational, political and social variables that are impacting upon spiritual care. |
Process Evaluation Model; PEM | Butter & Pargament | 2010 | Mental health, Research | HCP, Chaplain | Framework | USA | Suggests that the efficacy of coping depends on the degree to which the coping process is well integrated. A useful clinical device, permitting an exchange between lay mental health practitioners and clergy regarding the psychological adjustment of religious copers. |
Psychological Adaptation Scale; PAS | Biesecker et al. | 2013 | Chronic illness | Patient | Questionnaire | USA | 20-item, 5-point Likert scale. Assessing adaptation to a chronic condition. 4 domains of adaptation; Spiritual/existential meaning. Clinical interventions can be designed based on PAS data to enhance psychological adaptation to a chronic health condition or risk. Spiritual domain has 4 questions. |
Psychosocial and Spiritual Needs Evaluation Scale; ENP-E | Mateo-Ortega et al. | 2019 | End-of-life | Patient | Questionnaire | ESP | 12-item, 10-point Likert scale. Designed to assess the psychosocial and spiritual needs of end-of-life patients and enable psychosocial and/or spiritual/religious interventions. |
QE Health Scale; QEHS | Faull & Hill | 2007 | Chronic physical disabilities | Patient | Questionnaire | NZL | 28-item, 5-point Likert scale. 3 questions on Spirituality. Sufficient reliability and validity as a spiritually based holistic measure of health. |
Questionnaire regarding the religiosity of patients with neoplastic disease; QRFPC-25 | Kouloulias et al. | 2017 | Oncology | Patient | Questionnaire | GRE | 25-item, 3-point Likert scale. Composed of 7 multi-item scales and 3 single-item scales. Reliable and valid gauge for the assessment of religiosity in cancer patients undergoing radiotherapy. Christian based. |
Receptive Coping Scale; RCS | Van Uden et al. | 2004 | Psychology, Research | HCP | Questionnaire | NED, BEL | 8-item, 5-point Likert scale. Focused on ways of coping which, while not specifically referring to God, can still be called religious. |
Reliance on God’s Help Scale; RGH | Büssing et al. | 2005 | General health | Patient | Questionnaire | GER | 5-item, 5-point Likert scale. A valid and reliable instrument to measure religious trust among persons with a theistic religious background. Differentiates between external and internal adaptive coping strategies. |
Religious and Spiritual Struggles Scale; RSS | Exline et al. | 2014 | General health | Patient | Questionnaire | USA | 26-item measure across 6 domains: Assessing 6 domains of religious/spiritual struggle. Can be employed in health care settings. |
Religious Attendance & Surrender Scale-3; RSAS-3 | Clements et al. | 2013 | General health, Research | HCP | Questionnaire | USA | 3-item combining 2-item measure of Surrender, a specific type of religious coping, with a 1-item measure of attendance at religious services. Can be used in health investigations in order to explore their predictive utility for various health-related outcomes. |
Religious Beliefs in EOL Medical Care; RBEC | Balboni et al. | 2019 | End-of-life | Patient | Questionnaire | USA | 7-item, 5-point Likert scale. A reliable and valid tool designed to assess religious beliefs within the context of end-of-life medical care. |
Religious Coping Activities scale; RCOPE | Pargament et al. | 2000 | Psychology, Research | Patient, HCP | Questionnaire | USA, BRA, CZE, FRA, GRE, POL | Measures religious coping and helps HCP to integrate religious and spiritual dimensions into treatment. Also, 29-item Religious Coping Activities Scale, Styles of Religious Coping Scale–Revised (SRCS-R) and Brief RCOPE. Positive and Negative religious coping scales that can also be used separately. |
Religious Spiritual Screening Protocol; RSSP | Fitchett & Risk | 2009 | General health, Pastoral care | HCP, Chaplain | Questionnaire | USA | Brief screening protocol to identify patients who may be experiencing religious/spiritual struggle, and patients who would like a visit from a chaplain. |
Religious Status Interview; RSI | Montes et al. | 1997 | Drug abuse | HCP, Chaplain | Interview | USA | 33-item open-ended interview. Measuring how a Christian is functioning along 8 dimensions, assisting HCP and chaplain to assess the health of a parishioner's religious beliefs in relation to the patient problem. Christian based. |
Royal Free Interview for Religious and Spiritual Beliefs; RFIRSB | King et al. | 1995 | Acute illness, Research | Patient | Interview | UK, ITL | Semi-structured interview focusing on the patients’ religious practice, spiritual beliefs, or philosophical understanding. Includes questions on a 10-point Likert scale on personal beliefs, 4 questions on the relationship between belief and illness and connection between personal illness and personal belief. Spiritual scale and philosophical scale. |
Santa Clara Strength of Religious Faith Questionnaire; SCSRFQ | Plante et al. | 1997 | General health | Patient | Questionnaire | USA, POR, BRA | 10-item, 4-point Likert scale, self-report. Reliable and valid measure assessing strength of religious faith. Applicable for various religious traditions and for patients without any interest in religion. Developed to provide both researchers and clinicians with a brief instrument for use in diverse settings with diverse populations. |
Scale for Existential Thinking; SET | Allan & Shearer | 2012 | General health | Patient | Questionnaire | USA | 11-item, 6-point Likert scale. Applicable in health settings. Establishing spiritual, religious, existential thinking as part of meaning-making processes. |
Scale for the Assessment of Spirituality in Health settings | Pinto & Pais-Ribeiro | 2007 | Oncology | Patient | Questionnaire | POR | 5-item. 2 dimensions. Satisfactory validity and fidelity. Small scale and easy to fill in. Quality of life optimization for people with health problems. Approaching the spiritual dimension of human existence through belief and hope. |
Schedule for Meaning in Life Evaluation; SMiLE | Fegg | 2008 | Palliative care, Research | Patient | Questionnaire | GER | 7-Item, 7-point Likert scale, 8-point adjective scale. Self-report but also as an assisted interview approach. Religion, spirituality is secondary but can rise inductively during the process. Validated respondent-generated instrument for the assessment of individual meaning-in-life. 15 categories, category 8 on religion/spirituality. |
Semi-structured Clinical Interview; SPIR | Frick et al. | 2005 | Oncology | Patient | Interview | GER | 4 questions interview-guide for a semi-structured format consisting of four open-ended questions, each of which may be expanded by a number of sub-questions. Easily administered in clinical care. Useful and well accepted, allowing HCP to gather data about patients’ spirituality and to know their preferences and needs in this domain. |
Service-user Recovery Evaluation scale; SeRvE | Barber et al. | 2012 | Mental health, Research | Patient | Questionnaire | UK | 40-item, 5-point Likert scale. Self-report. An inclusive validated tool for service users’ assessment of their own recovery. Can be used both as a research tool and clinically to monitor interventions. The importance of spiritual care for service users is highlighted. 9 questions on religion/spirituality. |
Short-Term Life Review ; STLR | Ando et al. | 2010 | Oncology, Palliative care | Patient | Interview | JPN | Aimed to improve the spiritual well-being of terminally ill cancer patients, alleviate psychosocial distress, and promote a good death. |
Sources of Meaning and Meaning in Life Questionnaire; SoMe | Schnell | 2016 | General health | Patient | Questionnaire | SUI | 151-item, 6-point Likert scale. English version. Self-report instrument with some questions on religion/spirituality. |
Spirit 8 | Selman et al. | 2012 | Palliative care, Research | HCP | Questionnaire | RSA, UGA | 8-item, 5-point Likert scale. A brief, psychometrically robust, unidimensional measure of spiritual well-being for use in South African and Ugandan palliative care research. |
Spiritual and Religious Care Competencies for Specialist Palliative Care | Marie Curie Cancer Care | 2004 | Palliative care, Oncology | HCP | Framework | SCO | A model aimed at placing spiritual assessment and spiritual care in a practical context based on the competence of the involved HCPs to deliver spiritual and religious care. |
Spiritual Assessment and Intervention Model; Spiritual AIM | Shields et al. | 2014 | Psychology, Pastoral care | HCP, Chaplain | Framework | USA | A framework for chaplains to diagnose/assess unmet spiritual needs, devise and implement a plan for addressing this through embodiment/relationship, articulate and evaluate the desired outcome of the intervention. Developed from a Lutheran perspective but is now more inclusive of other faiths and implemented in other clinical settings. |
Spiritual Assessment Guide; SAG | O’Brien | 1982 | Chronic illness, Research | Patient, Nurse | Questionnaire | USA | 53-item, 6 subscales: closed/open ended questionnaire. General spiritual beliefs; Personal spiritual beliefs; Identification with institutionalized religion; Spiritual/religious support systems, Spiritual/religious rituals; Spiritual deficit/distress. Revised as (see) Spiritual Assessment Scale SAS. |
Spiritual Assessment Inventory; SAI | Hall & Edwards | 2002 | Mental health, Research | HCP | Framework | USA | Consists of two primary dimensions: 1; Quality of Relationship with God and 2; Awareness of God. 5 subscales: Aimed at broadening the conceptualization of spiritual development and to assess different developmental levels of relationship with God from an object relations perspective. |
Spiritual Assessment Scale; SAS | O’Brien | 1993 | Chronic illness, Research | Nurse | Questionnaire | USA | 21-item, 5-point Likert scale. 3 subscales: Personal faith; Religious practice; Spiritual contentment. Provides a broad overview over patients’ religious beliefs and needs., The type of spiritual care is provided based on the view of the 3 subscales. Revised from the (see) Spiritual Assessment Guide SAG. |
Spiritual Assessment System; SAS | Bryson | 2015 | Nursing , Palliative care | Nurse | Framework | CAN | Framework for an ongoing spiritual assessment, identifying places where meaning is lost in the life of a patient. |
Spiritual Assessment Tool; SAT | Muncy | 1996 | Palliative care, Chaplain | Chaplain | Interview | USA | 3 sections designed to be used in an interview fashion, with focus on patient’s understandings of themselves and others, their religious or spiritual histories, and the care plan. |
Spiritual Attitude and Involvement List; SAIL | Meezenbroek et al. | 2007 | Oncology, Research | HCP | Questionnaire | NED | 30-item, 6-point Likert scale, 7 subscales: Scale 7 Transcendent experiences (5 items); Scale 8 Spiritual Activities (4 items). Inclusive of both religion, spiritual, and secular oriented people. Allows investigation into spiritual aspects that are especially important for patients to deal with the negative consequences of their disease. |
Spiritual Beliefs Questionnaire; SBQ | Christo & Franey | 1995 | Drug abuse | Patient, HCP | Questionnaire | USA | 7-item, 5-point Likert scale. Self-report questionnaire. Christian based but unbiased in terms religious references in the questionnaire. |
Spiritual Care for Jewish patients | Borneman et al. | 2013 | Critical illness, Pastoral care | HCP, Chaplain | Dialogue | USA | A cross-disciplinary approach mediating between patient, clinician, and chaplain, based on patients comment that may signify spiritual/religious distress. Inclusive of both secular and religious Jewish patients. |
Spiritual Care Needs Inventory; SCNI | Wu et al. | 2016 | Acute care | Patient | Questionnaire | TWN | 21-item, 5-point Likert scale. Assessing spiritual care needs inpatients in a multi-faith society acute hospital setting. Excellent internal consistency for measuring the spiritual care needs in acute care hospital patients. |
Spiritual Care Needs Scale; SCNS | Otuzoglu & Talas | 2019 | Oncology | Patient, HCP | Questionnaire | TUR | 24-item, 5-point Likert scale. 4 sub-dimensions, 1 on religion/spirituality: Faith and spiritual practices. Can be used by HCP to determine the spiritual care needs and in research to determine the need for the spiritual care of patients with cancer and chronic illness. A valid and reliable measurement tool. |
Spiritual Coping Questionnaire; SCQ | Charzýnska | 2015 | Drug abuse, Research | HCP | Questionnaire | POL, NED | 32-item, 5-point Likert scale. 2 scales: Positive and negative spiritual coping. Can be used to measure spiritual coping, both among religious and non-religious people. |
Spiritual Coping Scale; SCS | Corry et al. | 2013 | Mental health, Research | HCP | Questionnaire | UK | 30-item, 7-point Likert scale. Holistic assessment of coping incorporating both religious and non-religious coping strategies as inter-supportive. |
Spiritual Coping Strategies Scale; SCS Scale | Baldacchino & Buhagiar | 2003 | General health, Research | HCP | Questionnaire | MLT, IRN, UK | 20-item, 4-point Likert scale. Incorporates both religious and non-religious coping strategies, enabling holistic assessment of coping. A reliable tool which can be used in future studies on spiritual coping strategies in (Maltese) patients. |
Spiritual Distress Assessment Tool; SDAT | Monod et al. | 2010 | Geriatric, Research | HCP | Questionnaire | USA | 5-item. A valid and reliable instrument to assess spiritual distress in elderly hospitalized patients. |
Spiritual Distress Scale; SDS | Ku et al. | 2005 | Oncology, Nursing | Nurse | Questionnaire | TWN, BRA | 30-item, 4-point Likert scale. 4 domains and 4 subscales. Developed in oncology for nurses to assess spiritual distress of cancer patients. |
Spiritual Fitness Assessment; SFA | Fletcher | 2009 | General health, Research | HCP | Questionnaire | USA | 40-item, 7-point Likert scale. Assessing 18 spiritual beliefs, attitudes, and practices. Self-report instrument designed to gather information about spirituality to be used as part of a holistic evaluation of personal wellness for the purposes of fitness and health programming. |
Spiritual Health and Life-Orientation Measure; SHALOM | Fisher | 2010 | General health, Research | Patient | Questionnaire | AUS, IRN | 20-item, 5-point Likert scale, 4 domains of spiritual well-being. Assessing spiritual well-being by comparing a person’s ideals with their lived experiences, providing a measure of spiritual harmony or dissonance in each of the four domains. |
Spiritual Health Assessment Scale; SHAS | Gaur & Sharma | 2014 | General health | Patient | Questionnaire | IND, BRA, ISR, LTU | 21-item, 5-point Likert scale, 3 domains. Can be used to measure spiritual health with good applicability, reliability and validity. Not based on religion. |
Spiritual Health Assessment Tool; SHA | Groves & Groves | 1996 | Chronic illness, Terminal Illness | Patient | Questionnaire | USA, AUS, CHN, ESP, FRE, GER, ITL, POL, JPN, IND, PHL | Developed to help care givers and care receivers better understand and respond to the impact of existential suffering on physical health and emotional well-being, to assess emotional and psycho-spiritual needs. Measures 4 dimensions of existential suffering. |
Spiritual Health Inventory; SHI | Highfield | 1992 | General health, Nursing | Patient, Nurse | Questionnaire | IRE | 32-item inventory, 5-point Likert scale. Measures patients' self-reported spirituality. SHI-P (patients) SHI-N (nurses). |
Spiritual History Assessment Questions; SHAQ | Nelson-Becker et al. | 2007 | Geriatric | HCP | Framework | USA | Framework and guide for assessing spirituality. Identifies 11 domains in spirituality that might be assessed. |
SPIRITual History; SPIRIT | Maugans et al. | 1996 | General health, Palliative care | HCP | Interview | USA, CHN | A guide to identifying important components of the spiritual history for integrating in spiritual care, implications for medical care and terminal events planning. |
Spiritual Injury Scale; SIS | Berg | 1994 | General health | HCP | Questionnaire | USA | 8-item subscale of Berg’s Computer Assessment Program (CAP). The SIS subscale can be used independently of CAP. |
Spiritual Interests Related to Illness Tool; SpIRIT | Taylor | 2006 | Oncology, Palliative care | Patient | Questionnaire | USA, CHN | 42 items, 5-point Likert scale. Self-report, spiritual needs measurement. Assessing whether religious/spiritual needs are being met in care. |
Spiritual Inventory; SI | Kuhn | 1988 | Psychiatry, Palliative care | HCP | Interview | USA | Interview and list of exercises to assess manifestations of the spirit. |
Spiritual Involvement and Beliefs Scale; SIBS | Hatch et al. | 1998 | General health, Research | Patient | Questionnaire | USA, GRE | 26-item, modified Likert scale. Assessing spiritual status in clinical settings, for integrating spiritual assessment with medicine, applicable across religious traditions. |
Spiritual Needs Assessment for Patients; SNAP | Sharma et al. | 2011 | Oncology | Patient | Questionnaire | USA, BRA, CHN | 23-item, 4-point Likert scale, 3 domains. Assessing spiritual needs of patients. A valid and reliable instrument for assessing spiritual needs in a culturally diverse population. |
Spiritual Needs Inventory; SNI | Herman | 2006 | End-of-life, Research | Patient | Questionnaire | USA | 17-item, 5-point Likert scale. Assesses patients spiritual needs and whether those needs are met in care. Useful in the clinical setting as well as in future studies of spiritual needs of patients. A reliable measurement of spiritual needs of patients near the end of life. |
Spiritual Needs Questionnaire for Palliative Care | Vilalta et al. | 2014 | Oncology, Palliative care | Patient | Questionnaire | ESP | 28-item, 5-point Likert scale. Assessing spiritual needs of terminal cancer patients. |
Spiritual Needs Questionnaire; SpNQ | Büssing et al. | 2009 | Palliative care, Chronic illness, Research | HCP | Questionnaire | GER, BRA, CHN, CRO, DEN, ESP, FAR, FRA, GRE, IND, IRN, ITL, LTH, MYS, NGA, POL, PRT, PAK, UK | 19-item, varied Likert scale. 4-factor structure that measure psychosocial, existential and spiritual needs. Provides researchers with a reliable and valid instrument that can be used in comparative studies. Cultural and religious differences can be addressed using the different language versions. |
Spiritual Needs Scale (Korea); SNS (K) | Yong et al. | 2008 | Oncology, Research | Patient, Nurse | Questionnaire | KOR, IRN | 38-item, 6-point Likert scale, 5 subscales. Spiritual needs measurement. Provides nurses and other HCPs with an appropriate way to identify patients' abstract spiritual needs in practice and research settings. Also 26 items, 5-point Likert scale SNS-Nurses. |
Spiritual Pain Assessment Sheet; SPiPas | Tamura et al. | 2006 | Palliative care, Nursing | Patient, Nurse | Interview | JPN | Interviews conducted using the spiritual pain assessment sheet encouraging elucidation of spiritual pain while placing little burden on patients. |
Spiritual Perspectives Scale; SPS | Reed | 1987 | Terminal illness, Reesearch | Patient, HCP | Questionnaire | USA, IRN, SPG, SWE | 10-item, 6-point Likert scale. Measures perspectives on the extent to which spirituality permeates the patients’ life and whether they engage in spiritually related interactions. Acceptable reliability and validity of the SPS has been demonstrated in previous research on terminally ill adults. |
Spiritual Profile Assessment; SPA | McSherry et al. | 1986 | General health, Pastoral care | HCP, Chaplain | Questionnaire | USA | Includes 3 questionnaires: The Professional Health Inventory; Religiosity Index; Ultimate Values Test. Assisting chaplains in planning and documenting spiritual care. |
Spiritual Religious Coping Scale; SRCOPE Scale | Panzini and Bandeira | 2005 | Psychology, Research | HCP | Questionnaire | BRA | Brazilian version of RCOPE. A valid and reliable instrument assessing positive and negative aspects of religious/spiritual coping, resulting in a comprehensive, functional oriented, theoretical and empirically based, and clinically meaningful instrument, useful to different scientific research areas. |
Spiritual Reminiscence; SR | MacKinlay & Trevitt | 2010 | Geriatric, Dementia | Nurse | Dialogue | UK | Group-based dialogue led by a facilitator. Aimed at developing relationships among group members in aged care. Spiritual Reminiscence is a process that engages with the person and acknowledges the integrity and worth of the individual as cognitive abilities decline. |
Spiritual Self-Care Practice Scale; SSCPS | White & Schim | 2010 | Chronic illness, Heart failure | Patient | Questionnaire | USA | Measuring spiritual self-care practices among African Americans with heart failure. Measuring on 4 factors. |
Spiritual Support Scale; SSS | Levine et al. | 2015 | Oncology | Patient | Questionnaire | USA | 3-item, 5-point Likert scale. Self-administered spiritual support subscale for the Medical Outcomes Study Social Support Scale (MOS-SSS). |
Spiritual Symptoms Scale; SSS | Reyes et al. | 2017 | Palliative care | Patient, HCP | Questionnaire | CHI | A scale that assesses the presence and intensity of seven spiritual symptoms. A reliable instrument to assess spiritual symptoms in palliative care settings. |
Spiritual Transformation Scale | Cole et al. | 2008 | Oncology | Patient | Questionnaire | USA | 40-item, 7-point Likert scale, 4 domains. Measures spiritual growth and spiritual decline. A reliable and valid method for assessing spiritual growth or decline following a cancer diagnosis. |
Spiritual Well-Being Questionnaire; SWBQ | Gomez & Fisher | 2002 | Nursing | Patient, Nurse | Questionnaire | AUS | 5-item self-report. Comprised four spiritual well-being domains. A reliable and valid measure of spiritual well-being. |
Spiritual Well-Being Scale; SWB | Ellison | 1982 | General health, Research | Patient, HCP | Questionnaire | USA, BRA, CAN, IRN, ITL, JOR, KOR MYS, ESP, THA, TWN | 20-item, 6-point Likert scale, self-report inventory. 10 items assesses religious well-being, 10 items assesses existential well-being, 2 subscales measuring religious well-being and existential well-being. A general indicator of perceived well-being used for the assessment of individual and congregational spiritual well-being. |
Spirituality Assessment Scale; SAS | Howden | 1993 | Palliative care, Nursing | Patient, Nurse | Questionnaire | USA | 28-item, 5-point Likert scale. 4 subscales. Measure of spirituality. |
Spirituality Index of Well-Being; SIWB | Daaleman & Frey | 2004 | General health, Research | HCP | Questionnaire | USA, TWN | 12-item, 5-point Likert scale, 2 domains. A valid and reliable measure of well-being in primary care outpatients. Best situated in studies of chronic illness, aging, and end-of-life care that include health-related quality-of-life. |
Spirituality Questionnaire; SQ | Bhatnagar et al. | 2016 | Palliative care, Research | Patient, HCP | Questionnaire | IND | 36-item, 5-point Likert scale. 4 factors. Offers promising prospects for the study of spirituality among palliative care patients in India. |
Spirituality Scale; SS | Delaney | 2005 | Nursing, Research | Nurse | Questionnaire | USA | 23-item. Holistic instrument designed to assess spirituality in a format that can be used to guide spiritual interventions and promote the inclusion of spirituality in health care. |
SpREUK | Büssing et al. | 2005 | Chronic illness, Research | Patient, HCP | Questionnaire | GER, Arabic, ENG, ISR, MYS, POL, POR, ESP | 15-item, 5-point Likert scale. Self-report or interview. Developed to investigate whether or not patients with chronic diseases living in secular societies rely on spirituality as a resource to cope with illness. |
Systems of Belief Inventory; SBI-15R | Holland et al. | 1998 | Critical illness | Patient | Questionnaire | USA, ISR, ITA, TUR | 15-item, 4-point Likert scale, self-report. Measures religious and spiritual aspects of coping with a life-threatening illness and the impact on quality of life and in relation to religious and spiritual beliefs and practices, and the social support derived from a community sharing those beliefs. |
Thai Spiritual Well-being Assessment Tool for Elders with Chronic Illnesses; TSWBATECI | Unsanit et al. | 2012 | Geriatric, Chronic illness | Patient, HCP | Questionnaire | THA | 41-item, 5-point Likert scale. A valid and reliable instrument for assessing spiritual well-being of elderly Thais with chronic illnesses. Developed using chronically ill elders who were Buddhist, Islamic or Christian. |
Three Models for Integration | Balboni et al. | 2014 | Palliative care | HCP | Framework | USA | Three model holistic framework for assessing and addressing spiritual needs. Approaches the question of clinician involvement in the spiritual aspects of a patient’s care. |
Three-Legged Stool; TLS | Horton & Luna | 2015 | Drug abuse | HCP | Framework | USA | A framework for spiritual intervention. Assists in structuring spiritual interventions. Consist of service (helping others), solitude (contemplative prayer and meditation) and creativity (creative arts and play therapy techniques). |
Treatment Spirituality/Religiosity Scale; TSRS | Lillis et al. | 2008 | Drug abuse | Patient, HCP | Questionnaire | USA, BRA | 10-item, true/false, self-report. Designed to measure the emphasis on religion/spirituality in treatment programs. Brief and easily administered. |
Trent Hospice Audit Group; THAG | Hunt et al. | 2003 | Palliative care | HCP, Chaplain | Framework | UK | Multidisciplinary approach to spiritual care assessment, delivery, and evaluation at three levels: at admission to hospice, multidisciplinary assessment and specialist assessment (chaplain). |
WHOQOL Spirituality, Religiousness, and Personal Beliefs; WHOQOL SRPB | WHO Department of Mental Health & Substance Dependence | 2002 | Mental health, Drug abuse | Patient | Questionnaire | EU, SUI, ZWE, | 32-item (subscale), 5-point Likert scale. The WHOQOL 100 questions of which the SRPB subscale consists of 32 questions. |