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Developed by Paloutzian & Ellison in 1982 and one of the most used scales altogether. The scale consists of 20 items, half of wich adresses a broad, religious conviction centred in an image of God (religious well-being), while the other half is of an existential, meaningfulness based character (existential well-being) without mentioning neither God nor religion (e.g. “I feel that life is a positive experience”). It is uncertain what is measured, which is the most essential criticism of the scale. Existential well-being is often measured as psychological well-being just like the concepts of religiousness and spirituality very often are used synonymously. The scale has a good “face-value”. It’s validated in English.
The scale can be downloaded here[:DA]
Udviklet af Paloutzian & Ellison i 1982. En af de mest benyttede skalaer overhovedet. En søgning på PsykINFO i 2007, viste at testen var citeret i mere end 180 artikler, hvoraf de fleste studier var af nyere dato (Koenig 2008:352). Skalaen består af 20 items, hvoraf halvdelen adresserer en form for bred, religiøs overbevisning, centreret i et Guds-billede (religiøs well-being), mens den anden halvdel af spørgsmålene er af eksistentiel, meningfylde-baseret karakter (eksistentiel well-being) uden nævnelse af hverken Gud eller religion (Ex: ”Jeg har det godt med fremtiden”). Det er ganske uvist, hvad der måles, hvilket også er den væsentligste kritik af skalaen. Eksistentiel well-being måles i flere tilfælde som psykologisk well-being, lige som religiøsitets- og spiritualitetsbegreberne stort set bruges synonymt. Ellers har skalaen god ”face-value”. Valideret på engelsk.
Skalaen kan downloades her[:]